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北宋阿育王漆塔、北宋活字本《佛说观无量寿佛经》
作者：
来源：
2003-05-17
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>103</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、北宋阿育王漆塔：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1965</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月温州市白象塔出土。漆塔呈方形，四面，单檐，残高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19.3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、面阔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厘米，由基座、塔身及顶层三部分构成。顶部中央刻十二瓣莲纹，塔刹已损，四角为山花蕉叶，正面刻佛传故事；北面刻佛三尊。塔身中空，四面壁各镂刻券门，门楣刻西番莲纹，门镂刻佛传和佛本生故事；四角置倚柱，柱头各刻一金丝鸟。基座每面各镂刻佛象四身，结跏趺坐。《唐大和尚东征传》载，早年阿育王塔有“非金、非玉、非土、非铜、非铁、紫乌色，镂刻非常”之说。此塔胎骨系山麻干粉掺油脂等模铸而成，外涂褐红色漆，与记载相符。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>104</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、北宋活字本《佛说观无量寿佛经》：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1965</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年发现于温州市郊白象塔内。佛经残宽</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、残高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8.5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10.5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厘米，现藏温州博物馆。经文回旋排列为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行。可辨者计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>166</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字，占该经四至九观中的十分之一。值得注意的是，在一转折处出现倒字，如“杂色金刚”印成“杂□金刚”。温州市文物部门鉴定为活字本，在《文物》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1981</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期以《早期活字印刷术的实物见证》为题作专门介绍，迅即引起国内外的普遍注意。《浙江七千年》大型图集以显著版面刊登大幅实物彩照，并介绍该经的价值。美国芝加哥大学教授、李约瑟《中国科技史》大系中《造纸和印刷》一书作者钱存训博士，对此甚为关注，多次在美国、英国、中国台北等国际会议上，从世界科技史高度作了评价。这一极其罕见的活字本佛经将成为世界科技史上的一颗灿烂明珠，为世上所瞩目。</SPAN></P>
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